Dietary Inflammatory Index in relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta‐Analysis
Amir Motamedi, Mohammadreza Askari, Hadis Mozaffari, Reza Homayounfrar, Ali Nikparast, Maryam Lafzi Ghazi, Maryam Mofidi Nejad, Shahab Alizadeh
Abstract
Background and Aims . Epidemiologic studies show a strong association between chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diet may also affect the risk of T2D by modulating inflammation. This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the relation of dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of T2D. Methods . PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception to September 2020 to identify relevant studies. Relative risks, hazard ratios, or odds ratios (OR), with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were calculated and pooled using a random‐effects model. Results . A total of 48 different studies, with a total sample size of 1,687,424 participants, were eligible to be included in this meta‐analysis. In the overall analysis, no significant association was observed between DII and risk of T2D (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.15), with significant evidence for heterogeneity ( I 2 = 96.5%, P < 0.001); however, higher DII was identified as being significantly related to increased risk of T2D in high quality studies (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.17). In the stratified analysis by the dietary assessment tool, background disease, and sex of participants, DII showed no significant association with T2D. Conclusions . Higher DII might be associated with an increased risk of T2D. Additional well‐designed studies are required to confirm this finding.