A Review of Hydrate Formation in Oil and Gas Transition Pipes
Zainab T. Al‐Sharify, M. Lahieb Faisal, Luay Badr Hamad
Abstract
Abstract This review provides a description of the various applications and issues of gas hydrate production in gas and oil pipelines, in general, gas hydrate is a clathrate of physical compounds, in which gas molecules are trapped in crystalline cells, formed by hydrogen bonds of water molecules. In the presence of water under various conditions, gas hydrates can be formed from all gases at high and lower pressures. The oil and gas industry have been taking stringent measures for many years to prevent the formation of hydrates which is plug pipelines by use. However, Natural gas hydrate is a non-conventional energy resource available to humans in colder regions, such as ice or sea bottoms. Other positive applications for natural hydrate include sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), storage, separation and transport of natural gas, the use of hydrate dissociation energy can be used in cooling and cool storage processes. The aims of this paper are to prevent gas hydrate’s formation that occur naturally in the oil natural gas transition pipelines, as well as the positive and negative that is remains from this natural phenomenon.