Green and eco-friendly adsorption of dyes with organoclay: isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Shahzaib Tariq, Muhammad Saeed, Usman Zahid, Maimoona Munir, Azeem Intisar, Muhammad Asad Riaz, Aqsa Riaz, Muhammad Waqas, Hafiz Muhammad Waqar Abid
Abstract
The present study comprises the surfactant-based modified adsorbents as inorgano–organo composites for the removal of dyes. It was depicted that 0.05 g of modified clay could be efficiently used to adsorb >90% of dye (100 mg/L). The kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion model) and isothermal models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin) were also studied to examine the adsorption mechanism. Pseudo second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal model fitted well with adsorption of dyes. The thermodynamic (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) parameters were also studied and negative value of (ΔG°) and positive value of (ΔS°) indicates the spontaneity of adsorption.