Advances in nanoparticle-based therapeutics for ischemic stroke: Enhancing drug delivery and efficacy
Peng Ji, Qingqing Xu, Jiahui Li, Zihan Wang, Wanyi Mao, Peng Yan
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, characterized by vascular occlusion, has recently emerged as one of the primary causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Conventional treatment modalities, such as thrombolytic and neuroprotective therapies, face numerous challenges, including limited bioavailability, significant neurotoxicity, suboptimal targeting, short half-life, and poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems present distinct advantages, such as small size, enhanced lipophilicity, and modifiability, which can potentially address these limitations. Utilizing nanoparticles for drug delivery in ischemic stroke therapy offers improved drug bioavailability, reduced neurotoxicity, enhanced targeted delivery, prolonged drug half-life, and better dissolution kinetics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current strategies in preclinical studies for managing or preventing ischemic stroke from a nanomaterial perspective, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each approach. This review explores nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for ischemic stroke, highlighting their advantages in improving drug bioavailability, targeting efficiency, and overcoming blood-brain barrier challenges. • Nanoparticles enhance drug delivery for ischemic stroke through better targeting. • Nanodelivery systems improve bioavailability and blood-brain barrier penetration. • Recent advances in nanoparticle therapies show promise for ischemic stroke treatment.