Ecotoxicological impacts of parabens on flora and fauna
Dipti Agarwal, Upma Bhatt, Vineet Soni
Abstract
Parabens, used as preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food, are becoming environmental pollutants due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and endocrine-disrupting effects. They enter aquatic ecosystems through wastewater, often surviving treatment. Found in water, sediments, organisms, and humans, parabens pose ecological and health risks. This review examines their sources, behavior, toxicity, transformation, and regulatory gaps, emphasizing the urgent need for risk assessments and safer alternatives.
Topics & Concepts
FaunaEcologyAquatic ecosystemSAFERFlora (microbiology)EcosystemEcosystem healthAquatic environmentEnvironmental scienceBiodiversityRisk assessmentPollutantGeographyEnvironmental protectionBiologyInvertebrateEnvironmental planningAquatic toxicologyAquatic animalEnvironmental resource managementEnvironmental impact assessmentEnvironmental monitoringEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts