<i>In situ</i> biosensing technologies for an organ-on-a-chip
Jinyoung Kim, Jung‐Hoon Kim, Yoonhee Jin, Seung‐Woo Cho
Abstract
Abstract The in vitro simulation of organs resolves the accuracy, ethical, and cost challenges accompanying in vivo experiments. Organoids and organs-on-chips have been developed to model the in vitro , real-time biological and physiological features of organs. Numerous studies have deployed these systems to assess the in vitro , real-time responses of an organ to external stimuli. Particularly, organs-on-chips can be most efficiently employed in pharmaceutical drug development to predict the responses of organs before approving such drugs. Furthermore, multi-organ-on-a-chip systems facilitate the close representations of the in vivo environment. In this review, we discuss the biosensing technology that facilitates the in situ , real-time measurements of organ responses as readouts on organ-on-a-chip systems, including multi-organ models. Notably, a human-on-a-chip system integrated with automated multi-sensing will be established by further advancing the development of chips, as well as their assessment techniques.