Intracellular microbial rhodopsin-based optogenetics to control metabolism and cell signaling
Anastasiia D. Vlasova, Siarhei Bukhalovich, Diana F. Bagaeva, A. Polyakova, Nikolay S. Ilyinsky, Semen V. Nesterov, Fedor Tsybrov, Andrey Bogorodskiy, Egor V. Zinovev, Anatolii E. Mikhailov, A.V. Vlasov, A. I. Kuklin, Valentin Borshchevskiy, Ernst Bamberg, Vladimir N. Uversky, Valentin Gordeliy
Abstract
precise manipulations of organelle ion gradients using light. This new optogenetic field expands the opportunities for basic and medical studies of cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, providing more detailed and accurate control of cell physiology. This review summarizes recent advances in studies of the cellular metabolic processes and signaling mediated by optogenetic tools targeting mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and synaptic vesicles. Finally, we discuss perspectives of such an optogenetic approach in both fundamental and applied research.