Green synthesis of sand-bimetallic Fe/Pb nanoparticles as an environmentally sustainable composite for ciprofloxacin and copper removal from aqueous solutions
Noor Alaa Abdulhusain, Ziad T. Abd Ali
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, the quartz sand (QS) was supported by the nanoparticles of Fe/Pb that were made using an in-situ green synthesis technique. using Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract to produce a QS-Fe/Pb nanocomposite, it utilized for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and copper (Cu(II)) from aqueous solutions in batch mode. The characterization of this composite was determined using many tests including X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, and surface area. The factors that influence the removal process and achieve a removal percent of 99% were studied, and the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were used to explain the sorption data, while the three kinetic models were used to determine the sorption kinetic (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion). The results showed that the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models fit the experimental data more accurately. According to the reusability investigation, the CIP and Cu(II) elimination percent was greater than 60% and 50% for CIP and Cu(II) till the fifth cycle. Finally, this work may paves the road for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with different contaminants using innovative green composites created from fruit waste.