Magnetic Properties, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, and Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> Co‐Doped with Al and Fe
Anatoly Ye. Yermakov, V. R. Galakhov, Артем С. Минин, V. V. Mesilov, М. А. Уймин, K. Kuepper, S. Bartkowski, Л. С. Молочников, Aleksandr S. Konev, В. С. Гавико, Г. С. Захарова
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field dependence of magnetization, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy are applied for the characterization of Al‐doped TiO 2 nanopowders with Fe impurities synthesized by the autoclave‐assisted hydrothermal method and annealed in vacuum or in hydrogen. The sizes of the TiO 2 :(Al, Fe) nanoparticles are estimated to be about 10–20 nm. It is proposed that Al ions are presumably placed in the TiO 2 lattice in interstitial positions. Moreover, Fe 3+ ions can occupy tetrahedral positions of Ti 4+ ions as a result of Al‐doping. The results suggest that Al‐doped TiO 2 nanopowders with Fe impurities annealed in vacuum or hydrogen display both intrinsic and extrinsic ferromagnetic properties.