Comorbidities of atopic dermatitis—what does the evidence say?

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease that is associated with atopic and nonatopic comorbidities. There has been a growing interest in this area of AD, because presence or risk of comorbidities can in many ways impact the management of patients with AD. Thus, some treatments for AD may improve its comorbidities as well, whereas others may increase their risk. In this review article, we discuss various comorbidities of AD mostly on the basis of the results of recent multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses to update readers about this rapidly developing area of dermatology. We emphasize the important information provided by studies presenting both relative risk and absolute risk, and show that AD is associated with, among others, atopic comorbidities such as asthma, rhinitis, and food allergy, nonatopic comorbidities such as ocular, psychiatric, infectious, endocrine, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Clinicians need to be aware of these and be cognizant about positive and negative effects of existing and new treatments for AD. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease that is associated with atopic and nonatopic comorbidities. There has been a growing interest in this area of AD, because presence or risk of comorbidities can in many ways impact the management of patients with AD. Thus, some treatments for AD may improve its comorbidities as well, whereas others may increase their risk. In this review article, we discuss various comorbidities of AD mostly on the basis of the results of recent multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses to update readers about this rapidly developing area of dermatology. We emphasize the important information provided by studies presenting both relative risk and absolute risk, and show that AD is associated with, among others, atopic comorbidities such as asthma, rhinitis, and food allergy, nonatopic comorbidities such as ocular, psychiatric, infectious, endocrine, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Clinicians need to be aware of these and be cognizant about positive and negative effects of existing and new treatments for AD. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease affecting about one-fifth of young children at some point and 3% to 5% of adults.1Barbarot S. Auziere S. Gadkari A. Girolomoni G. Puig L. Simpson E.L. et al.Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in adults: results from an international survey.Allergy. 2018; 73: 1284-1293Crossref PubMed Scopus (419) Google Scholar Patients with AD typically experience itch, skin pain, and sleep problems, leading to an impaired quality of life.2Langan S.M. Irvine A.D. Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis.Lancet. 2020; 396: 345-360Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (487) Google Scholar Childhood AD may either persist or resolve by adulthood.3Thyssen J.P. Corn G. Wohlfahrt J. Melbye M. Bager P. Retrospective markers of paediatric atopic dermatitis persistence after hospital diagnosis: a nationwide cohort study.Clin Exp Allergy. 2019; 49: 1455-1463Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar, 4Kim J.P. Chao L.X. Simpson E.L. Silverberg J.I. Persistence of atopic dermatitis (AD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016; 75: 681-687.e11Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (153) Google Scholar, 5Margolis J.S. Abuabara K. Bilker W. Hoffstad O. Margolis D.J. Persistence of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.JAMA Dermatol. 2014; 150: 593-600Crossref PubMed Scopus (200) Google Scholar, 6Wan J. Mitra N. Hoffstad O.J. Yan A.C. Margolis D.J. Longitudinal atopic dermatitis control and persistence vary with timing of disease onset in children: a cohort study.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 81: 1292-1299Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar, 7Abuabara K. Ye M. Margolis D.J. McCulloch C.E. Mulick A.R. Silverwood R.J. et al.Patterns of atopic eczema disease activity from birth through midlife in 2 British birth cohorts.JAMA Dermatol. 2021; 157: 1191-1199Crossref PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar Onset or recurrence of AD commonly occurs in adulthood.8Silverberg J.I. Adult-onset atopic dermatitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019; 7: 28-33Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar, 9Abuabara K. Yu A.M. Okhovat J.P. Allen I.E. Langan S.M. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis beyond childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Allergy. 2018; 73: 696-704Crossref PubMed Scopus (132) Google Scholar, 10Lee H.H. Patel K.R. Singam V. Rastogi S. Silverberg J.I. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and phenotype of adult-onset atopic dermatitis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: 1526-1532.e7Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (97) Google Scholar Several disease trajectories may occur in children with AD.11Paternoster L. Savenije O.E.M. Heron J. Evans D.M. Vonk J.M. Brunekreef B. et al.Identification of atopic dermatitis subgroups in children from 2 longitudinal birth cohorts.J Allergy Clin 2018; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, N. W. trajectories of eczema from to a birth cohort study.Clin Exp Allergy. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, A.D. P. trajectories in atopic an update and Dermatol. 2019; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar of these associated with of atopic comorbidities such as food allergy, asthma, and et S. S. A. S. Simpson A. G. et of and from to birth cohort PubMed Google Simpson A. J. et of and birth cohort 2014; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar There is a growing interest in the comorbidities of AD, in many ways can impact the management of patients with AD. In some a be the of AD and its atopic and nonatopic comorbidities and in the and new treatments for moderate to AD may improve the and of AD and of these in patients with AD may improve and may improve whereas others and may improve and may improve of AD may in risk this from some AD such as and cardiovascular disease may be in patients with either because with these or because to for cardiovascular risk or from for the A. L. J.P. of and associated risk in with atopic PubMed Scopus Google Scholar review the on the comorbidities of AD. in an of from systematic reviews and to that nonatopic comorbidities in their A.M. A. L. J.M. et of of comorbidities associated with atopic dermatitis in Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar from various studies as as and is important to that The quality of an is on the quality of the studies for in the and studies of an may the of the that some of a others to be in a in some of patients with AD is on whereas in is on risk show the of a in the with in with that in an for studies because these various with risk as in studies and as in studies and in and absolute studies absolute risk important for because these can be to may a in their in and can to the risk in their an of 2 is an occurs in 2 of in the and of in the control the occurs in of in the and of in the control absolute for of risk. of the and can be in a that of in patients with R.J. Abuabara K. A. M. et and atopic eczema in and risk of cardiovascular cohort 2018; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar this the in the that and that need to of patients with AD to the in AD for J.P. A. disease and atopic and Dermatol. 2018; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar Clinicians be of in that or is to such from In this article, we to from that is on AD of the as as and many to the for AD because this may impact the of and the of a A. M. J.P. et the for systematic reviews in atopic A systematic 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar The of the the of as as their to of studies from the The for AD important because these may impact risk in a on A. L. et in for atopic dermatitis is a cardiovascular 2018; 73: PubMed Scopus Google Scholar for disease disease and be because these impact the risk of or developing comorbidities. and meta-analyses in about the AD and atopic In with AD, the prevalence of rhinitis, asthma, or both is and N. G. S. Rastogi S. Patel K.R. et of in patients with atopic a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google N. Silverberg J.I. A. et prevalence and with atopic a systematic review and Allergy 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar In with AD, and food and food allergy, and in children with AD et food is common in children and to be the common Patients with AD to of an atopic disease et N. G. S. Rastogi S. Patel K.R. et of in patients with atopic a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google N. Silverberg J.I. A. et prevalence and with atopic a systematic review and Allergy 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar in is by Vonk J.M. et of asthma, and eczema disease 49: PubMed Scopus Google Scholar AD is associated with of atopic et N. G. S. Rastogi S. Patel K.R. et of in patients with atopic a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google N. Silverberg J.I. A. et prevalence and with atopic a systematic review and Allergy 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google of atopic dermatitis and the risk for a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar AD is associated with both and of and from and skin N. G. S. Rastogi S. Patel K.R. et of in patients with atopic a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google N. Silverberg J.I. A. et prevalence and with atopic a systematic review and Allergy 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar is about the AD and by 2 such as and common common in patients with M. N. J.P. atopic dermatitis and is the Acad 2021; PubMed Scopus Google P. S. S. et of 2 in patients with atopic Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar Clinicians their patients with AD for and atopic because this may impact and and for AD, that disease is a of the AD J.M. G. of atopic Google Scholar The prevalence of and to of and in patients with AD, to interest in of N. Silverberg J.I. J.P. of and risk of a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar that the prevalence of in patients with AD and in the common in patients with AD whereas atopic and N. P. et atopic and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar disease and whereas Clinicians about and to the of comorbidities may AD, such as from leading to the and The impact of AD on can be The of is in both and patients with K.R. S. Singam V. Rastogi S. Silverberg J.I. atopic and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar and be by in the and 2 that the of AD with K.R. S. Singam V. Rastogi S. Silverberg J.I. atopic and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google L. A. J.P. of atopic dermatitis with and in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar The and studies in the meta-analyses of and and of AD with and in in and in and L. A. J.P. of atopic dermatitis with and in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar of and and risk of L. A. J.P. of atopic dermatitis with and in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar The studies with for meta-analysis and that in with AD with of K.R. S. Singam V. Rastogi S. Silverberg J.I. atopic and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar patients with AD of of and of K.R. S. Singam V. Rastogi S. Silverberg J.I. atopic and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar in patients with moderate to K.R. S. Singam V. Rastogi S. Silverberg J.I. atopic and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar and in K.R. S. Singam V. Rastogi S. Silverberg J.I. atopic and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar with AD prevalence of with children AD K.R. S. Singam V. Rastogi S. Silverberg J.I. atopic and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar that risk and atopic dermatitis and a systematic review and Dermatol. 2019; PubMed Scopus Google M. L. G. S. R.J. with and atopic systematic review and meta-analysis.J 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar in children the AD and of in children and with atopic a systematic review and 2019; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar is AD has a on of atopic dermatitis with and a Scopus Google Scholar, S. A. and atopic 2021; Scopus Google Scholar, S. et atopic and a Dermatol. 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar AD associated with and with its of in children and with atopic a systematic review and 2019; PubMed Scopus Google et meta-analyses of the atopic and of PubMed Scopus Google Chao atopic dermatitis and a systematic review and 2020; Scopus Google Scholar studies in the K.R. S. Singam V. Rastogi S. Silverberg J.I. atopic and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar that or for AD S. of atopic dermatitis patients from their or by disease of and after eczema Scholar, M. M. G. et and in patients with atopic dermatitis and PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, E.L. L. M. et of moderate to atopic dermatitis (AD): from a of in Am Acad Dermatol. 2016; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, S. of a in atopic Exp Dermatol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar studies that in AD may be to AD and with AD A that the risk of for or is to that of the L. A. et atopic dermatitis and and in Dermatol. 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar AD from the of that AD in is associated with and and may be associated with A.M. A. L. J.M. et of of comorbidities associated with atopic dermatitis in Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar The of in patients with AD is to and to atopic the is Silverberg J.I. of and with atopic a systematic review and Dermatol. PubMed Scopus Google N. et dermatitis and risk of a systematic review and Clin 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar may be in the of AD and in the presence of J. A. S. S. S. et in the and risk for a of disease in patients for atopic Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar studies risk of developing in patients with atopic with the risk with atopic K. A.D. is associated with atopic results from a of Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google A.M. J.M. et and in with atopic PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar has been to be the in a in patients with and as as in patients with S. S.M. N. et of the in and as with Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar diseases, disease and common in patients with AD with typically to in by risk Chao atopic dermatitis and a systematic review and 2020; Scopus Google N. et dermatitis and risk of a systematic review and Clin 2021; PubMed Scopus Google L. M. J. M. et of and new risk for atopic PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, The disease and atopic a systematic review and 2020; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, atopic dermatitis and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, A. L. J.P. in with atopic dermatitis.J Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar, N. B. S. P. P. et dermatitis is a risk for a systematic review and 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, B. N. W. P. of atopic dermatitis with an risk of a systematic review and meta-analysis.J 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, P. M. of atopic dermatitis with a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Dermatol. 2020; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar the basis of the from a the risk of disease is in patients with AD a A. L. J.P. in with atopic dermatitis.J Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar A of and in with AD, with atopic A. Silverberg J.I. of atopic dermatitis with and in 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar A the prevalence of disease to be in and children with and S. Silverberg J.I. atopic dermatitis and in and children: a study.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar AD associated with of in and of in and A.M. A. L. J.M. et of of comorbidities associated with atopic dermatitis in Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar The and AD the that the risk is in K. S. M. The atopic dermatitis and a 2021; Scholar is a of patients with AD risk of to patients with and this is by or J.M. G. of atopic Google A.M. atopic dermatitis and cardiovascular Dermatol. 2018; PubMed Scopus Google A.M. Atopic dermatitis and cardiovascular we to a Dermatol. 2018; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar that AD is associated with A. J.P. Silverberg J.I. of atopic dermatitis with a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar and and in and in a A. Silverberg J.I. of atopic dermatitis with and a systematic review and Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar AD is associated with A. Silverberg J.I. A. et dermatitis and meta-analysis and systematic Acad 2018; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar on the AD and a positive in patients with M. M. A. A. et atopic dermatitis and a systematic review and Dermatol. PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar that this risk. The AD and 2 is that an risk, at in can be by and of A. L. S. et and 2 in 2019; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar meta-analyses the of AD with A. Mulick A. Yu A.M. M. Abuabara K. et eczema and cardiovascular a systematic review and meta-analysis of Allergy Clin 2019; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar, J.P. G. L. A. The with cardiovascular disease and 2 in with atopic a systematic review and Dermatol. 2018; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M. of atopic dermatitis with and a 2018; Scopus Google Scholar risk for various and that may be a A.M. A. L. J.M. et of of comorbidities associated with atopic dermatitis in Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar on the basis of studies in patients with moderate to K. et of of patients with moderate to and cardiovascular Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google J. M. et in atopic dermatitis is associated with 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar and a risk in patients with R.J. Abuabara K. A. M. et and atopic eczema in and risk of cardiovascular cohort 2018; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar the is that in AD may the risk in that the is that is common in many the may and risk in their patients A recent that the risk of in patients with AD with of risk of with atopic dermatitis and with a systematic review and Dermatol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar AD to impaired and the risk of skin is AD is associated with and S. Silverberg J.I. and risk in with skin disease in the 2020; PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar studies show that the risk of from disease is in patients with AD, whereas studies show A. K. B. J. et dermatitis is associated with PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar, Weidinger S. et and skin through and Allergy Clin 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, K. A. K. Silverberg J.I. et in patients with atopic a Dermatol. 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, A. J. A. S. A. et risk of in patients with atopic a cohort study.J Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, G. of in patients with atopic eczema and a Dermatol. 2021; PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar Patients with AD a risk of with and with a M. A. and of in atopic a systematic review and Dermatol. 2016; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar is associated with S. Silverberg J.I. atopic dermatitis and and in Allergy 2018; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar an of skin such as and in this may to and in patients with S. Silverberg J.I. and risk in with skin disease in the 2020; PubMed Scopus (5) Google S. Silverberg J.I. atopic dermatitis and and in Allergy 2018; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google S. A. J.P. of in with atopic a nationwide cohort study.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar to risk of and in patients with L. Patel K.R. Silverberg J.I. atopic dermatitis and and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar In an risk of and associated with both and patients with S. A. J.P. of in with atopic a nationwide cohort study.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google A. A. J.P. of in children with atopic a nationwide cohort Dermatol. 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar risk of in patients with S. Silverberg J.I. atopic dermatitis and and in Allergy 2018; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar AD is associated with because AD may be on the and because the risk of and dermatitis is that the point prevalence and prevalence of eczema and and that the risk of eczema Silverberg J.I. A. et atopic dermatitis and a systematic review and Dermatol. 2018; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar on the with dermatitis that in patients with of AD, that patients from the risk of dermatitis whereas the risk in patients typically in hospital and A. Silverberg J. J.P. atopic dermatitis and a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar is by studies and AD the to M. A longitudinal of in patients with atopic Dermatol. PubMed Google Scholar There on the AD and and the with some studies skin and others as J. and after by and atopic dermatitis Dermatol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, for the of A of patients with atopic dermatitis and Google Scholar, J. A. to in and PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, S. V. W. et a skin to is of atopic Dermatol. 2020; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar is that of skin is in AD S. J.P. through atopic dermatitis a systematic Dermatol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar risk for associated with AD, for and of or that patients with AD at risk of and A. J.P. Silverberg J.I. of atopic dermatitis with a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google A. M. A. The of in atopic PubMed Scopus Google Scholar The risk in with and of Silverberg J.I. Atopic dermatitis is associated with and in Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 80: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, A. L. A. Abuabara K. et eczema and risk in adults: a cohort study.J Allergy Clin 2020; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, in patients with atopic a nationwide Scholar in AD as a risk for for disease and the risk of and Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google L. A. et atopic dermatitis patients show in with skin disease Google Scholar studies the risk of and an risk of and a risk of and W. and risk in patients with atopic a systematic review and 2021; PubMed Google Scholar risk of and in a that studies M. A.M. A.M. Atopic dermatitis and a systematic Acad 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar The of to the risk of disease in patients with AD is A. P. A. J. et of and and the risk of and Dermatol. 2021; 157: PubMed Scopus Google Scholar AD from the of that AD in is associated with and A.M. A. L. J.M. et of of comorbidities associated with atopic dermatitis in Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar There is interest in the AD and certain about and treatments risk. that the risk of is about to in patients with AD, whereas the risk of and is L. A.M. and risk in patients with atopic a systematic review and Dermatol. 2020; PubMed Scopus Google S. V. G. S. Atopic and skin a meta-analysis.J 2016; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar In AD and N. Silverberg J.I. A. J.P. Atopic dermatitis and in a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Acad 2019; PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar of skin may be because of of and the an important A. S. et atopic dermatitis and risk of results from Acad PubMed Scopus Google Scholar studies an risk of and in patients with AD, that with with and a A. S. et atopic dermatitis and risk of results from Acad PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, J. M. S. et with may an risk of Dermatol. 2014; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, J. J.P. M. A. Allen M. et and risk of Dermatol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, S. A. G. L. J.P. of in patients with atopic a nationwide PubMed Scopus Google Scholar of and may be an important for the a risk of in patients with AD of and cohort in patients from L. J. N. of in patients with atopic dermatitis and the of a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar A of the risk may be by of in patients with M. M. A.M. and risk of and a systematic review and Dermatol. 2021; 157: PubMed Scopus Google J. A. L. et cohort on the risk of and skin in of and Longitudinal and 2018; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar studies on in patients with AD may be to that the that patients with AD for by to with skin by The is a that the risk of of for patients with J. a review of PubMed Scopus Google Scholar In patients with AD, the for in patients with AD J.P. L. A. of comorbidities in with atopic dermatitis the Am Acad Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar In the the for patients with to that for patients with S. Silverberg J.I. and risk in with skin disease in the 2020; PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar In and patients with AD, the that for Silverberg Silverberg J.I. of atopic dermatitis with atopic and nonatopic 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar The of in AD is in has a in the of J. a review of PubMed Scopus Google Scholar The and is a that is for in children and with Silverberg Silverberg J.I. of atopic dermatitis with atopic and nonatopic 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar studies in patients with AD. from that with and that and the J.P. L. A. in with atopic dermatitis.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar A risk and a and the R.J. Mulick A. A. et eczema in and cohort Allergy Clin 2021; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar We the risk of various comorbidities is in patients with AD. of these may be with the of new and is beyond the of this review to is important that aware of of treatments and that for and asthma, and in patients with these may be the of in AD is that the risk of and is J.P. K. Simpson E.L. N. A. et of in patients with atopic dermatitis from Acad 2021; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar in has been associated with an risk of and S. a of Scholar and treatments in patients with risk for developing such a of and AD is associated with risk of disease in and patients with A. M. Simpson E.L. S. M. et in patients with atopic results from Dermatol. PubMed Scopus Google B. M. Simpson E.L. A. et in Dermatol. 2019; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar is the of such as and be with new M. A. K. et 2 with is to some diseases, and to Dermatol. Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar In recent of AD and a of comorbidities has their recent studies to in of the risk of AD comorbidities.

Topics & Concepts