Ribbon-Ordered Superlattice Enables Reversible Anion Redox and Stable High-Voltage Na-Ion Battery Cathodes
Yang Yu, Qianjiang Mao, Deniz Wong, Rui Gao, Lirong Zheng, Wenyun Yang, Jinbo Yang, Nian Zhang, Zeyu Li, Christian Schulz, Xiangfeng Liu
Abstract
High-voltage layered oxide cathodes attract great attention for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to the potential high energy density, but high voltage usually leads to rapid capacity decay. Herein, a stable high-voltage NaLi 0.1 Ni 0.35 Mn 0.3 Ti 0.25 O 2 cathode with a ribbon-ordered superlattice is reported, and the intrinsic coupling mechanism between structure evolution and the anion redox reaction (ARR) is revealed. Li introduction constructs a special Li–O–Na configuration activating reversible nonbonded O 2p (|O 2p )-type ARR and regulates the structure evolution way, enabling the reversible Li ions out-of-layer migration instead of the irreversible transition metal ions out-of-layer migration. The reversible structure evolution enhances the reversibility of the bonded O 2p (O 2p )-type ARR and inhibits the generation of oxygen dimers, thus suppressing the irreversible molecular oxygen (O 2 )-type ARR. After the structure regulation, the structure evolution becomes reversible, |O 2p -type ARR is activated, O 2p -type ARR becomes stable, and O 2 -type ARR is inhibited, which largely suppresses the capacity degradation and voltage decay. The discharge capacity is increased from 154 to 168 mA h g –1, the capacity retention after 200 cycles significantly increases from 35 to 84%, and the voltage retention increases from 78 to 93%. This study presents some guidance for the design of high-voltage, O3-type oxide cathodes for high-performance SIBs.