Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Embedded into Pyridinic-N-Rich Carbon Nanohoneycomb with Strong <i>dx</i><sup><i>2</i></sup><i>-Pz</i> Orbital Hybridization for High-Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Qi Wei, Yong Huang, Liangde Dong, Changqing Lin, Yi‐Lin Huang, Weiqing Jiang, Xiaoma Tao, Pei Kang Shen, Zhi Qun Tian
Abstract
Carbon-based magnetic nanocomposites as promising lightweight electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbents are expected to address critical issues caused by electromagnetic pollution. Herein, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles embedded into a 3D N-rich porous carbon nanohoneycomb (Fe 3 O 4 @NC) were developed via the pyrolysis of an in-situ-polymerized compound of m-phenylenediamine initiated by FeCl 2 in the presence of NaCl crystals as templates. Results demonstrate that Fe 3 O 4 @NC features highly dispersed Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles into an ultrahigh specific pyridinic-N doping carbon matrix, resulting in excellent impedance matching characteristics and electromagnetic wave absorbing capability with the biggest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of up to 7.1 GHz and the minimum reflective loss (RL min ) of up to −65.5 dB in the thin thickness of 2.5 and 2.3 mm, respectively, which also outperforms the majority of carbon-based absorbers reported. Meanwhile, its high absorption performance is further demonstrated by an ethylene propylene diene monomer wave absorbing patch filled with 8.0 wt % Fe 3 O 4 @NC, which can completely shield a 5G signal in a mobile phone. In addition, theory calculation reveals that there is a strongest dx 2 -P z orbital hybridization interaction between Fe 3 O 4 clusters and pyridinic-N dopants in the carbon network, compared with other kinds of N dopants, which can not only generate more dipoles of carbon networks but also increase net magnetic moments of Fe 3 O 4, thereby leading to a coupling effect of efficient dielectric and magnetic losses. This work provides new insights into the precise design and synthesis of carbon-based magnetic composites with specific interface interactions and morphological effects for high-efficiency EMW absorption materials.