Type I photosensitizers based on phosphindole oxide for photodynamic therapy: apoptosis and autophagy induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
Zeyan Zhuang, Jun Dai, Maoxing Yu, Jianqing Li, Pingchuan Shen, Rong Hu, Xiaoding Lou, Zujin Zhao, Ben Zhong Tang
Abstract
-TPA-PIO-mediated PDT has high potential as a precursor of the immunostimulatory effect for immunotherapy. This work presents a comprehensive protocol for Type I-based purely organic PSs and highlights the significance of considering the working mechanism in the design of PSs for the optimization of cancer treatment protocols.
Topics & Concepts
Endoplasmic reticulumPhotodynamic therapyAutophagyReactive oxygen speciesUnfolded protein responseApoptosisPhotosensitizerChemistryCancer researchIn vivoCell biologyBiophysicsBiochemistryBiologyPhotochemistryBiotechnologyOrganic chemistryNanoplatforms for cancer theranosticsPhotodynamic Therapy Research StudiesPorphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry