Nonlinear radiation in entropy generation MHD flow of penta-hybrid nanofluids: Effects of variable thermal conductivity, viscous dissipation and nonlinear convection
Davood Domiri Ganji, Mehdi Mahboobtosi, Fateme Nadalinia Chari
Abstract
This study investigates the dissipative flow of a penta hybrid nanofluid (Al 2 O 3 , MgO , Cu, Ag, MoS 2 nanoparticles) within a porous medium under the influence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), nonlinear convection, nonlinear radiation, and entropy generation . The primary aim is to understand the effects of physical parameters, such as porosity, magnetic field strength , heat generation, and thermal conductivity , on velocity, temperature distribution , entropy generation, and the Bejan number. The modeling assumes incompressible, steady-state flow with variable thermal conductivity and heat generation. A set of governing partial differential equations (PDEs) is reduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations, and the solutions are obtained numerically. The novel findings of this study highlight significant relationships between various physical parameters and their effects on the velocity, temperature distribution , entropy generation, and the Bejan number. Specifically, the results that increasing the porosity and magnetic parameter leads to a decrease in the velocity profile , while increasing the mixed convection parameter, nonlinear mixed convection parameter, and heat production parameter results in an increase in the velocity profile . Additionally, increasing the variable thermal conductivity parameter and radiation parameter elevates the temperature profile, and the Eckert number also contributes to a rise in the temperature. The study also reveals that entropy generation increases with the heat generation parameter and magnetic parameter, while the Bejan number, which measures heat transfer irreversibility , increases with the radiation parameter. These findings are crucial for applications in thermal management systems, energy-efficient cooling technologies, and industrial fluid transport systems, where controlling fluid dynamics and heat transfer is essential for optimizing system performance and efficiency.