Smart urban transportation: advancing IoT-based thermal management for lithium-ion EV battery packs
Soumya Ranjan Das, Saroj Kant Mohapatra, Narendra Kumar Kamila, Saraju P. Mohanty, K. P. Swain
Abstract
In urban transportation, EVs are emerging as a crucial revolution that offers insignificant environmental effects, low noise pollution, better efficiency, and freedom from fossil fuels. However, EVs suffer from many challenges with battery packs. This study aims to design a battery pack with a comprehensive thermal management strategy for the extension of operational lifespan, which will allow for a rapid transition towards sustainable smart urban transportation. This study emphasizes the issues related to reliability, safety, driving range, capacity, charging, and discharging duration of battery packs. Particular focus is given to the operational temperature of individual cells in the battery pack in a safer zone by implementing various technologies like a heat sink, Peltier module, cooling fan, cold plate, water block, fan grill, and coolant pump. An IoT arrangement is proposed to monitor the temperature using Node-MCU (ESP8266) in association with the DS18B20 sensor and Blynk cloud. The study shows that efficient thermal management positively affects charging and discharging efficiency, cell balancing, cycle life, and capacity retention of EVs. Also, the temperature of the condition is monitored by an Android app. In conclusion, the thermal management solution of an EV battery pack is implemented using various methods, and IoT technology is also utilized to monitor the condition of the battery pack.