A Tensor-Based Millimeter Wave Wideband Massive MIMO Channel Estimation Technique Using Uniform Planar Arrays
Junkang Hong, Jian Sun, Yubei He, Wensheng Zhang, Cheng‐Xiang Wang
Abstract
This letter focuses on the millimeter wave (mmWave) wideband directional channel estimation for a channel sounding system based on massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). The received signals of the pilot sequence are concatenated into a low-rank third-order tensor. By leveraging the Vandermonde structure of the factor matrices, an algebra-based CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition is used to reconstruct the factor matrices, from which the channel parameters are estimated by a two-dimensional (2-D) correlation-based search method and refined by the Nelder-Mead simplex (NMS) algorithm. With the Kronecker-structured precoder and combiner, the 2-D search method can be simplified to a 1-D search method. A channel path number estimation method by analyzing the singular values of the expanded signal tensor is also proposed. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can obtain high estimation accuracy.