The threat of pesticide and disease co-exposure to managed and wild bee larvae
Monika Yordanova, Sophie E. F. Evison, Richard Gill, Peter Graystock
Abstract
species and discuss the implications the bias has on brood disease and pesticide risk assessment in wild bee communities. We advise that future studies should place a higher emphasis on evaluating bee brood afflictions and their interactions with commonly encountered stressors, especially in wild bee species.
Topics & Concepts
BroodBiologyPesticideHoney beeNectarBee pollenLarvaStressorEcologyZoologyPollenToxicologyNeuroscienceInsect and Pesticide ResearchPlant and animal studiesInsect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior