Optimization of trimetallic Cu–Cr–Ca nanoparticle-catalyzed transesterification of amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) seed oil: analytical characterization and fuel properties of biodiesel
Humaira Kanwal, Farooq Anwar, Ahsan Tanvir, Syed Hussain Imam Abidi, Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz
Abstract
A Cu–Cr–Ca nanocatalyst was developed for transesterification of non-edible amla oil. Bifunctionality of the catalytic reaction is explored,and RSM optimized process yielded 92% amla oil biodiesel, providing a sustainable fuel alternative.
Topics & Concepts
TransesterificationBiodieselCatalysisPhyllanthus emblicaMaterials scienceChemical engineeringBiodiesel productionCharacterization (materials science)ChemistryOrganic chemistryPulp and paper industryNanotechnologyEngineeringTraditional medicineMedicineBiodiesel Production and ApplicationsEnzyme Catalysis and ImmobilizationAlgal biology and biofuel production