Ca <sup>2+</sup> substitution induced phase coexistence and synergistic regulation of Ti <sup>3+</sup> defects to improve piezoelectric–photocatalytic water splitting performance of BaTiO <sub>3</sub>
Le Ye, Mengnan Ruan, Guangmin Li, Piotr Michorczyk, Chengyi Wang, Zhifeng Liu
Abstract
BaTiO 3 -Ca 0.2 photoanode with a coexisting tetragonal-orthorhombic phase involving Ti 3+ defects boosts piezo-photocatalytic water splitting performance via enhanced built-in piezoelectric field and shallow energy levels from orbital modulation.
Topics & Concepts
Water splittingMaterials sciencePhase (matter)PiezoelectricitySubstitution (logic)Field (mathematics)Phase transitionCrystallographyEnergy (signal processing)MineralogyPerovskite (structure)Activation energySolid solutionAdvanced Photocatalysis TechniquesTiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar CellsMultiferroics and related materials