Spongy <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonic Acid-doped Polypyrrole with Extraordinary Rate Performance as Durable Anodes of Sodium-Ion Batteries at Different Temperatures
Fanghua Tian, Yanjun Zhang, Yanjun Zhang, Li Liu, Yin Zhang, Yin Zhang, Qian Shi, Qizhong Zhao, Yangqin Cheng, Chao Zhou, Sen Yang, Xiaoping Song
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have potential as an energy storage system because they have similar electrochemical properties as lithium-ion batteries, abundant resource reserves, and extremely high safety performance. Compared with traditional graphite materials, conductive polymers are more suitable as an anode electrode material for SIBs. In this study, a simple and scalable approach has been used to synthesize p-toluenesulfonic acid-doped polypyrrole (p-TSA-PPy). The as-obtained material showed remarkable rate capacities and cyclability. At room temperature (25 °C), its discharge capacities could reach 185, 162, and 135 mAh g–1 under 10, 30, and 50 C rates after 250 cycles, respectively. More importantly, the capacity of the p-TSA-PPy could still be maintained at 120.5 mAh g–1 even at the 2000th cycle at 10 C. In addition, it achieves attractive electrochemical performance at different temperatures (0 and 50 °C).