Polymeric nanocomposites-based advanced coatings for antimicrobial and antiviral applications: A comprehensive overview
Rachid Amrhar, Jaspal Singh, Mostafa Eesaee, Pascal Carrière, Alireza Saïdi, Phuong Nguyen‐Tri
Abstract
The rise in microbial infections and viral outbreaks has accelerated the development of advanced antibacterial and antiviral coating that effectively minimize infection risks. Amidst rising global health concerns due to infectious diseases, these coatings have emerged as vital solutions for surface protection across various settings. This review focuses on the recent development and in-depth analysis includes synthesis process, inactivation mechanism in photoreactive antimicrobial and antiviral bio-coatings. This review comprehensively explores the development of different nanocomposite materials, including polymers based on metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, graphene-based materials, and organic-inorganic composites. Their practicality and compatibility with diverse surfaces such as ceramics, glass, plastics, and metals are discussed, highlighting their broad applicability in different field. The mechanisms of action of these coatings, including the production of reactive oxygen species and physical barriers against microbes, are elucidated well. The review also includes the recent studies on polymer nanocomposite-based coatings, offering insights into their efficacy in reducing infection risks and improving public health. Apart from the materials fabrication and their practical applications this review also explores several challenges such as scalability, toxicity, cost-effectiveness and stability lifetime of the coatings. Although, the advancement in the photoreactive coating exhibits the positive scenario to disinfect several microbes and viruses. This review highlights the outlook of the highly advanced coatings which can inactive the different biological moieties under light exposure. • Reviews the latest advances in photoreactive coating for microbial inactivation. • Discusses broad applicability of nanocomposite coatings across various surfaces. • Highlights challenges in scaling production and managing coating toxicity. • Presents recent studies on improving public health via antimicrobial surfaces. • Examine future perspective for innovative antimicrobial coating technologies.