Zirconium‐Doped Vanadium Oxide and Ammonium Linked Layered Cathode to Construct a Full‐Cell Magnesium‐Ion Battery: A Realization and Structural, Electrochemical Study
Divyamahalakshmi Muthuraj, Ananta Sarkar, Manas Ranjan Panda, Md. Adil, Archna Sagdeo, Sagar Mitra
Abstract
Abstract More than three times higher bulk density, easy to handle in air, and high abundance on earth crust make magnesium metal a desirable element in battery application. Several efforts have been attempted to construct the rechargeable magnesium‐ion battery, unfortunately none of them are successful to a limit. Here, a new generation of vanadium oxide linked with ammonium ions is considered an active cathode for magnesium ion insertion. The Zr doped‐NH 4 V 4 O 10 (Zr‐NVO) nanorod exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 328 mAh g −1 at 40 mA g −1 current density with negligible capacity fading till 150 cycles. The estimated Mg 2+ diffusivity in such cathode is found to be in the range of 10 −11 to 10 −12 cm 2 s −1 , demonstrating a pronounced Mg‐ion mobility in Zr‐NVO cathode. In addition, a detailed mechanistic study is performed at different states of charge using XRD, XPS and in‐situ XANES analysis. In conclusion, to achieve the ultimate goal of such study, a full‐cell is assembled and evaluated by coupling tin anode with magnesiated Zr‐NVO cathode. The cell has been cycled for a limited number of cycles and the reason behind the limited cycling behaviour is discussed and offers us a pathway to a resolution of the problem for rechargeable magnesium‐ion battery development in the near future.