PIKfyve, expressed by CD11c-positive cells, controls tumor immunity
Jae Eun Choi, Yuanyuan Qiao, Ilona Kryczek, Jiali Yu, Jonathan Gurkan, Yi Bao, Mahnoor Gondal, Jean Ching-Yi Tien, Tomasz Maj, Sahr Yazdani, Abhijit Parolia, Houjun Xia, Jiajia Zhou, Shuang Wei, Sara Grove, Linda Vatan, Heng Lin, Gaopeng Li, Yang Zheng, Yuping Zhang, Xuhong Cao, Fengyun Su, Rui Wang, Tongchen He, Marcin Cieślik, Michael D. Green, Weiping Zou, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Abstract
Abstract Cancer treatment continues to shift from utilizing traditional therapies to targeted ones, such as protein kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy. Mobilizing dendritic cells (DC) and other myeloid cells with antigen presenting and cancer cell killing capacities is an attractive but not fully exploited approach. Here, we show that PIKFYVE is a shared gene target of clinically relevant protein kinase inhibitors and high expression of this gene in DCs is associated with poor patient response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Genetic and pharmacological studies demonstrate that PIKfyve ablation enhances the function of CD11c + cells (predominantly dendritic cells) via selectively altering the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. Both loss of Pikfyve in CD11c + cells and treatment with apilimod, a potent and specific PIKfyve inhibitor, restrained tumor growth, enhanced DC-dependent T cell immunity, and potentiated ICB efficacy in tumor-bearing mouse models. Furthermore, the combination of a vaccine adjuvant and apilimod reduced tumor progression in vivo. Thus, PIKfyve negatively regulates the function of CD11c + cells, and PIKfyve inhibition has promise for cancer immunotherapy and vaccine treatment strategies.