The Effect of Curcumin and Virgin Coconut Oil Towards Cytokines Levels in COVID-19 Patients at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
Hartono Hartono, B Suryawati, Yunita Sari, A Avicena, Maryani Maryani, C Sukmagautama, Hendrastutik Apriningsih, L Shofiyah, RGH Novika, Nurul Jannatul Wahidah, Nanda Yuli Rahmawati, ANM Ansori, Lanjar Sumarno
Abstract
This study hypothesized that curcumin and VCO interfered in the crucial steps of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and proposed a potential role in ABSTRACT Introduction: To date, no specific therapeutic drug has been approved to target SARS-CoV-2. Hence, it remains a major challenge to decide what potential therapeutic regimens to treat COVID-19 patients. This study aims to investigate curcumin and virgin coconut oil (VCO) effects on cytokine levels (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-, and IFN-) in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study was a single-center, controlled trial with a parallel Arm or a Randomized Clinical trial design. A total of sixty COVID-19 patients admitted to the Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, were divided into two groups. The first group, consisting of 30 patients, was treated with Azithromycin 500 mg + Oseltamivir 275 mg + Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day for 5 days. The second group, comprising 30 patients, was treated with Azithromycin 500 mg + Oseltamivir 275 mg + Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day for 5 days, added with VCO 30 mL and curcumin 31 g/day for 21 days. The cytokine profiles of the serum samples were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on days 1, 14, and 21. Results: Our study showed that the second group had a significant reduction in IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-, and IFN- levels after being treated with standard therapy added with curcumin and VCO on day 21 (p<0.05). Conclusion