A Microchambers Containing Contact Lens for the Noninvasive Detection of Tear Exosomes
Shaopei Li, Yangzhi Zhu, Reihaneh Haghniaz, Satoru Kawakita, Shenghan Guan, Jianjun Chen, Zijie Li, Kalpana Mandal, Jamal Bahari, Shilp Shah, Juchen Guo, Heemin Kang, Wujin Sun, Han‐Jun Kim, Vadim Jucaud, Mehmet R. Dokmeci, Pete Kollbaum, Chi Hwan Lee, Ali Khademhosseini
Abstract
Abstract Exosomes, a form of small extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in the metastasis of cancers and thus are investigated as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, conventional detection methods like immune‐based assay and microRNA analyses are expensive and require tedious pretreatments and lengthy analysis time. Since exosomes related to cancers are reported to exist in tears, a poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) contact lens embedded with antibody‐conjugated signaling microchambers (ACSM‐PCL) capable of detecting tear exosomes is reported. The ACSM‐PCL exhibits high optical transparency and mechanical properties, along with extraordinary biocompatibility and good sensitivity to exosomes. A gold nanoparticle colorimetric assay is employed to visualize captured exosomes. The ACSM‐PCL can detect exosomes in the pH range of 6.5–7.4 (similar to the human tear pH) and have a strong recovery yield in bovine serum albumin solutions. In particular, the ACSM‐PCL can detect exosomes in various solutions, including regular buffer, cell culture media from various cell lines, and human tears. Finally, the ACSM‐PCL can differentiate expression of exosome surface proteins hypothesized as cancer biomarkers. With these encouraging results, this ACSM‐PCL is promised to be the next generation smart contact lens as an easy‐to‐use, rapid, noninvasive monitoring platform of cancer pre‐screening and supportive diagnosis.