A magnetic massive star has experienced a stellar merger
A. J. Frost, H. Sana, L. Mahy, G. A. Wade, James A. Barron, J.-B. Le Bouquin, A. Mérand, F. R. N. Schneider, T. Shenar, R. H. Barbá, D. M. Bowman, M. Fabry, Amin Farhang, Pablo Marchant, N. Morrell, J. V. Smoker
Abstract
Massive stars (those ≥8 solar masses at formation) have radiative envelopes that cannot sustain a dynamo, the mechanism that produces magnetic fields in lower-mass stars. Despite this, approximately 7% of massive stars have observed magnetic fields, the origin of which is debated. We used multi-epoch interferometric and spectroscopic observations to characterize HD 148937, a binary system of two massive stars. We found that only one star is magnetic and that it appears younger than its companion. The system properties and a surrounding bipolar nebula can be reproduced with a model in which two stars merged (in a previous triple system) to produce the magnetic massive star. Our results provide observational evidence that magnetic fields form in at least some massive stars through stellar mergers.