Nickel Oxide Immobilized on the Carbonized Eggshell Membrane for Electrochemical Detection of Urea
Shun Lu, Zhengrong Gu, Matthew Hummel, Yue Zhou, Keliang Wang, Ben Bin Xu, Yucheng Wang, Yifan Li, Xueqiang Qi, Xiaoteng Liu
Abstract
Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has been known as a viable method for renal/liver disease diagnostic detection. Here, we reported a three-dimensional (3D) nickel oxide nanoparticles dressed carbonized eggshell membrane (3D NiO/c-ESM) as a modified electrode toward urea detection. Several common physical measurements were employed to confirm its structural and morphological information. NiO/ c -ESM modified electrode exhibits an outstanding performance for urea determination with a linear range from 0.05 to 2.5 mM, and limit detection of ∼20 μ M (3 σ ). This work offered a green approach for introducing 3D nanostructure through employing biowaste ESMs as templates, providing a typical example for producing new value-added nanomaterials with urea detection.