Litcius/Paper detail

Measurement of the neutron charge radius and the role of its constituents

H. Atac, M. Constantinou, Z.-E. Meziani, M. Paolone, N. Sparveris

2021Nature Communications40 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

Abstract The neutron is a cornerstone in our depiction of the visible universe. Despite the neutron zero-net electric charge, the asymmetric distribution of the positively- (up) and negatively-charged (down) quarks, a result of the complex quark-gluon dynamics, lead to a negative value for its squared charge radius, $$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:math> . The precise measurement of the neutron’s charge radius thus emerges as an essential part of unraveling its structure. Here we report on a $$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:math> measurement, based on the extraction of the neutron electric form factor, $${G}_{{\rm{E}}}^{{\rm{n}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , at low four-momentum transfer squared ( Q 2 ) by exploiting the long known connection between the N → Δ quadrupole transitions and the neutron electric form factor. Our result, $$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle =-0.110\pm 0.008\,({{\rm{fm}}}^{2})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.110</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.008</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>fm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , addresses long standing unresolved discrepancies in the $$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:math> determination. The dynamics of the strong nuclear force can be viewed through the precise picture of the neutron’s constituent distributions that result into the non-zero $$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:math> value.

Topics & Concepts

NeutronQuadrupolePhysicsRADIUSCharge (physics)Atomic physicsCharge densityEffective nuclear chargeElectric chargeNeutron diffractionElectric potentialConnection (principal bundle)Neutron sourceNuclear physicsCharge radiusElementary chargePosition (finance)Nuclear drip lineDistribution (mathematics)Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle InteractionsParticle physics theoretical and experimental studiesHigh-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Measurement of the neutron charge radius and the role of its constituents | Litcius