Redefining detection with nanobiosensors: exploring sensor types, fabrication techniques, and multi-scale applications
Chandrashekar Thalluri, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Mallikarjun Vasam, Yenumula Nettikallu, Muhamad Mustafa Mundu
Abstract
Nano-biosensors are the most advanced type of analytical detection devices that utilize both nanotechnology and biotechnology to provide rapid, highly sensitive detection of both chemical and biological analytes. Their unique physical properties allow for the detection of some analytes at concentrations below 1 picomole (10–12) and down to several femtomoles (10–15). Surveying rapid point-of-care diagnosis (PCD) of cancer, infectious and metabolic disease has been made possible by this technology and supports timelier, more personalized intervention. The combination of these devices with both artificial intelligence and IoT (internet of things) has improved the speed of data analysis and predictive capabilities. The use of nano-biosensors also allows for the sensitive detection of contaminants in food and the environment. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the latest developments, performance characteristics and future opportunities for developing wearable, implantable, and multiplexed nano-biosensors.