Reconstruction of the Parameters of the Lower Midlatitude Ionosphere in M- and X-Class Solar Flares
Б. Г. Гаврилов, В. М. Ермак, A. N. Lyakhov, Yu. V. Poklad, V. A. Rybakov, I. A. Ryakhovsky
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the reconstruction of the effective height h' and the slope of the profile β of the electron concentration in the D layer of the ionosphere during X-ray flares of M- and X-classes at the midlatitudes. The reconstruction was carried out with data from measurements at the observatory of the Institute of Geospheres Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences at the Mikhnevo observatory of amplitudes and the phases of signals from VLF transmitters GQD (19.6 kHz) and GBZ (22.1 kHz) that propagate along one mid-latitude path. Based on the calculations, the empirical dependencies of the parameters h' and β on the flare energy according to the X-ray flux measurements on the GOES satellite are in the range 0.05–0.4 nm. Criteria are proposed for the selection of solar flares for the verification of theoretical computational models.