Three-Dimensional Printed Cell Culture Model Based on Spherical Colloidal Lignin Particles and Cellulose Nanofibril-Alginate Hydrogel
Xue Zhang, Maria Morits, Christopher Jonkergouw, Ari Ora, Juan José Valle‐Delgado, Muhammad Farooq, Rubina Ajdary, Siqi Huan, Markus B. Linder, Orlando J. Rojas, Mika H. Sipponen, Monika Österberg
Abstract
ions, up to 7 days. The 3D-printed scaffolds showed relative rehydration ratio values above 80% after freeze-drying, demonstrating a high water-retaining capability. Cell viability tests using hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 showed no negative effect of CLPs on cell proliferation. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that HepG2 cells grew not only on the surfaces but also inside the porous scaffolds. Overall, our results demonstrate that nanocomposite CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds have high potential in soft-tissue engineering and regenerative-medicine applications.