Influence of chronic coffee consumption on the risk of kidney and other organ diseases. Review of the literature and clinical studies
Stanisław Surma, F Kokot
Abstract
Due to its taste and biological properties, coffee has been a very popular drink for centuries. The average coffee consumption in Poland amounts to 3 kg per capita/year and systematically increases year by year. The most popular types of coffee grown in the world are Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, and Coffea liberica . The biochemical composition of coffee depends on many factors, mainly the type of coffee and the method of its cultivation and production. Coffee contains over 1000 different chemical compounds, the most prevalent being caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, kahweol, and cafestol. All of these compounds are characterized by high biological activity. A number of exogenous and endogenous factors affect the rate of caffeine metabolism, which may have important clinical implications. In addition, caffeine can interact with medications in various ways, increasing the risk of side effects. Numerous studies indicate both the beneficial and unfavorable effects of coffee consumption on human health. This review paper presents the effect of coffee consumption on the risk of developing diseases of the kidney, nervous system, digestive system, cardiovascular system, and metabolic diseases.