From Inert to Catalytically Active Milling Media: Galvanostatic Coating for Direct Mechanocatalysis
Maximilian Wohlgemuth, Maike Mayer, Marisol Fabienne Rappen, Fabian Schmidt, Roman Saure, Sven Grätz, Lars Borchardt
Abstract
The inert milling balls, commonly utilized in mechanochemical reactions, were coated with a layer of Pd and utilized as catalyst in the direct mechanocatalytic Suzuki reaction. With high yields (>80 %), the milling balls can be recycled multiple times in the absence of any solvents, ligands, catalyst-molecules and -powders, while utilizing as little as 0.8 mg of Pd per coated milling ball. The coating sequence, the support material, and the layer thickness were examined towards archiving high catalyst retention, low abrasion and high conversion. The approach was transferred to the coating of milling vessels revealing the interplay between catalytically available surface area and the mechanical energy impact in direct mechanocatalysis.