Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Zika Virus Transmission in Indonesia: Serosurveillance Data from a Pediatric Population
R. Tedjo Sasmono, Edison Johar, Benediktus Yohan, Chairin Nisa Ma’roef, Paul Pronyk, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Elizabeth Jane Soepardi, Alain Bouckenooghe, William A. Hawley, Ronald Rosenberg, Ann M. Powers, Amin Soebandrio, Khin Saw Aye Myint
Abstract
The presence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Indonesia has been recognized since the 1970s, but its transmission dynamics there have been poorly understood. To understand more fully the geographic distribution and burden of ZIKV infection, we performed retrospective serological tests on specimens collected from asymptomatic children age 5 to 9 years old living at 30 sites in 14 provinces. Of 870 serum samples tested, 9.2% were found to be positive for anti-ZIKV antibodies, as confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization assays. This was the same overall prevalence reported previously for 1- to 4-year-old children collected at the same sites at the same time. Together with geographic differences in seroprevalence between the age groups, these data suggest that, although ZIKV might be endemic in Indonesia, its occurrence has been focal and episodic.