From Inflammation to Infertility: How Oxidative Stress and Infections Disrupt Male Reproductive Health
Anastasios Potiris, Efthalia Moustakli, Eleni Trismpioti, Εirini Drakaki, Despoina Mavrogianni, Alkis Matsas, Athanasios Zikopoulos, Antonios Sfakianakis, Ιoannis Tsakiridis, Themistoklis Dagklis, Athanasios Zachariou, Panagiotis Christopoulos, Ekaterini Domali, Peter Drakakis, Sofoklis Stavros
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammation, infections, and oxidative stress (OS) all have an impact on male infertility, which is a complicated, multifaceted illness. OS affects motility and fertilization capability. It accomplishes this through damaging sperm DNA, oxidizing proteins, and triggering lipid peroxidation. These effects occur due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses. METHODS: This review aims to evaluate the impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on male infertility by assessing recent literature. RESULTS: and Chlamydia trachomatis alter the reproductive microenvironment, leading to sperm dysfunction and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and targeted treatment are essential due to the intricate interactions among these elements. Microbiota-modulating techniques, antimicrobial therapies, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antioxidants are therapeutic approaches that may help reduce oxidative damage and enhance male fertility.