Exploring the dermal safety of green-synthesized Ag–TiO <sub>2</sub> nanocomposites for topical applications
Archana Rana, S. K. S. Parashar, Diksha Singh, Kavita Singh, Debabrata Chanda, Anirban Pal, Ritu Srivastava, Shailesh Narain Sharma
Abstract
concentrations. Observations were made for any signs of dermal toxicity using behavioural and physical indices. In acute dermal toxicity, the NCs were applied once, and in subacute dermal toxicity, NCs were applied once daily for 28 days and observed for any sign of dermal toxicity using observation indices like behavioural changes, edema scores, and erythema scores. Post-experiment analyses of body weight, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, and hematological profiles revealed that the nanocomposites exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. Notably, the safety evaluations indicated no adverse changes, suggesting these NCs are well-tolerated for dermal applications and show great promise for future topical applications.