oprL Gene Sequencing, Resistance Patterns, Virulence Genes, Quorum Sensing and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Broiler Chickens
Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Nada Eidaroos, Khyreyah J. Alfifi, Marfat Alatawy, Alhanouf I. Al-Harbi, Yasmene F. Alanazi, Madeha O. I. Ghobashy, Ahmed Khafagy, aboelkheir esawy, Soha S El-Sadda, Helal F. Hetta, Reham M. El-Tarabili
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is incriminated in septicemia, significant economic losses in the poultry production sector, and severe respiratory infections in humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, opr L sequencing, antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence-determinant, Quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes of P. aeruginosa retrieved from broiler chickens. Methods: Two hundred samples were collected from 120 broiler chickens from broiler farms at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Consequently, the bacteriological examination was conducted and the obtained P. aeruginosa strains were tested for opr L gene sequencing, antibiogram, and PCR screening of virulence, Quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance genes. Results: The overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa in the examined birds was 28.3%. The opr L gene sequence analysis underlined that the tested strain expressed a notable genetic identity with various P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different geographical areas in the USA, India, China, Chile, and Ghana. PCR evidenced that the obtained P. aeruginosa strains, carrying virulence-related genes: opr L, tox A, apr A, phz M, and exo S in a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 42.5%, 33.3%, and 25.9%, respectively. Moreover, the recovered P. aeruginosa strains possessed the Quorum sensing genes: las I, las R, rhl I, and rhl R in a prevalence of 85.2%, 85.2%, 81.5%, and 81.5%, respectively. Furthermore, 40.7% of the isolated P. aeruginosa were XDR to seven antimicrobial classes, possessing sul 1, bla TEM , tet A, bla CTX-M , bla OXA-1 , and aad A1 genes. Conclusion: As we can tell, this is the first report emphasizing the evolution of XDR P. aeruginosa strains from broiler chicken in Egypt, which is supposed to be a serious threat to public health. The emerging XDR P. aeruginosa in poultry frequently harbored the opr L, tox A, and apr A virulence genes, the las I, las R, rhl I, and rhl R Quorum sensing genes, and the sul 1, bla TEM , tet A, bla CTXM , bla OXA-1 , and aad A1 resistance genes. Keywords: P. aeruginosa , MDR, XDR, opr L sequence analysis, Quorum sensing, virulence genes, resistance genes