Nanomaterials Mediated Enhancement of CAR-T for HCC: Revolutionizing Immunotherapy Strategies
Xudong Liu, Ye Liu, Danyu Zhao, Dehong Shan, Chenghao Guo, Lianqun Jia
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant challenges due to its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. While CAR-T therapy has shown promise in hematologic cancers, its application in HCC is limited by the tumor microenvironment (TME), insufficient T-cell infiltration, and antigenic heterogeneity. Nanomaterials offer a promising solution by enhancing CAR-T cell delivery, activation, persistence, and overcoming the immunosuppressive TME. This review focuses on the application of nanoparticles in CAR-T therapy, highlighting recent advancements in nanomaterials-based mRNA delivery, photothermal remodeling, and hydrogel platforms. Furthermore, nanomaterials-enhanced imaging tools enable real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell activity, improving therapeutic precision and safety. By addressing current limitations, nanomaterial-mediated CAR-T therapy holds the potential to transform HCC treatment, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer immunotherapy.