Recycled additive manufacturing feedstocks with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes toward the detection of yellow fever virus cDNA
Cristiane Kalinke, Robert D. Crapnell, Evelyn Sigley, Matthew J. Whittingham, Paulo Roberto de Oliveira, Laís Canniatti Brazaca, Bruno C. Janegitz, Juliano Alves Bonacin, Craig E. Banks
Abstract
Recycled additive manufacturing sensing platforms are fabricated with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNT) with exhibit enhanced electrochemical biosensor performance allowing for the enhanced direct coupling of the biorecognition element to the COOH-MWCNT for the preparation of an electrochemical genosensor for the detection of yellow fever virus cDNA. Bespoke additive manufacturing filaments was produced using recycled poly(lactic acid) (rPLA, 65 wt%), polyethylene succinate (PES, 10 wt%), carbon black (CB, 15 wt%), and COOH-MWCNT (10 wt%) which exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance over that of commercial filament. A bespoke all-in-one additive manufactured electroanalytical cell is proposed, with the working, reference and counter electrodes in addition to a modification rim that allows for the facile production of biosensors through the application of droplets. The genosensor was applied to the detection of yellow fever Virus cDNA using anodic square wave voltammetry; a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 0.5–15 µM with an R2 of 0.9995, sensitivity of 177 ± 2 µA µM−1, limit of detection (LOD) of 0.138 µM, and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.859 µM were obtained. This work highlights how bespoke additive manufacturing filament production can enhance biosensing platforms, whilst using recycled feedstock to improve end-product sustainability.