Ultralight and Highly Conductive Silver Nanowire Aerogels for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Fei Peng, Wenbo Zhu, Yi Fang, Bicheng Fu, Hongtao Chen, Hongjun Ji, Xing Ma, Chunjin Hang, Mingyu Li
Abstract
Metal-based materials possess superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance because of their extraordinary electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, the high density and structural rigidity of metals seriously limit their applicability in portable and wearable electronic equipment. A common method for reducing the density of metal-based materials is to prepare metal nanowire aerogels by freeze-drying, but the weak connection among the nanowires results in poor mechanical and electrical properties. Herein, a facile approach is developed for the one-step synthesis of silver nanowire (AgNW) aerogels with ultralow density, good flexibility, high electrical conductivity, and a robust structure. The gel is directly formed by in situ assembly of AgNWs. The end-to-end nanojoining of AgNWs contributes to constructing an interconnected three-dimensional (3D) network, resulting in improved mechanical and electrical properties. The AgNW aerogel with an ultralow density of 4.87 mg cm –3 demonstrates a high electrical conductivity of 4584 S m –1 . Moreover, the porous structure of the AgNW aerogel provides numerous interfaces for multiple reflections and scattering of EM waves, allowing them to be continuously absorbed and dissipated within the aerogel. Thus, the AgNW aerogel exhibits a superb EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 109.3 dB and a normalized surface specific SE (SSE/ t, calculated as the SE divided by the density and thickness) of 353 183 dB cm 2 g –1, significantly above that of previously known shielding materials. This work provides a new route for preparing high-performance metal nanowire aerogels and their great potential in EMI shielding.