Multi‐core–shell‐structured LiFePO <sub>4</sub> @Na <sub>3</sub> V <sub>2</sub> (PO <sub>4</sub> ) <sub>3</sub> @C composite for enhanced low‐temperature performance of lithium‐ion batteries
Xingxing Gu, Shuang Qiao, Xiaolei Ren, Xingyan Liu, Youzhou He, Xiaoteng Liu, Tie-Feng Liu
Abstract
Abstract In this work, a multi‐core–shell‐structured LiFePO 4 @Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 @C (LFP@NVP@C) composite was successfully designed and prepared to address inferior low‐temperature performance of LiFePO 4 cathode for lithium‐ion batteries. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the inner NVP and outer carbon layers co‐existed on the surface of LFP particle. When evaluated at low‐temperature operation, LFP@NVP@C composite exhibits an evidently enhanced electrochemical performance in term of higher capacity and lower polarization, compared with LFP@C. Even at − 10 °C with 0.5C, LFP@NVP@C delivers a discharge capacity of ca. 96.9 mAh·g −1 and discharge voltage of ca. 3.3 V, which is attributed to the beneficial contribution of NVP coating. NASICON‐structured NVP with an open framework for readily insertion/desertion of Li + will effectively reduce the polarization for the electrochemical reactions of the designed LFP@NVP@C composite.