Changes over time of fruit, vegetable and sweets consumption among European adolescents and associations with sociodemographic characteristics: an HBSC study
Judit Queral, Annemieke Wargers, Lucía Tarro, Elisabet Llauradó, Rosa Solà, Wilma Jansen
Abstract
BACKGROUND: European adolescents do not eat enough fruits and vegetables and have a high sweets consumption. This study aims to analyse the changes in time of dietary behaviours related to sociodemographic characteristics, among European adolescents. METHODS: Health Behaviour in School Age Children data (2013/14 to 2017/18), of European adolescents, aged 11- to15-year-old, were used. Family Affluence Scale identified socioeconomic status (SES). Changes in time of dietary behaviours and associations with sociodemographic characteristics were estimated by binary and multilevel logistic regression. RESULTS: 182 719 adolescents were included, and 10/36 European countries showed a significant increase in daily fruit and vegetable consumption and 12/36 countries a significant decrease in sweets consumption over 4 years. The multilevel analysis showed that 13- and 15-year-old adolescents consumed fewer daily fruits and vegetables (P < 0.001) and more daily sweets (P < 0.001) than 11-year-old adolescents. Also, 15-year-old adolescents' sweets consumption change over time was less favourable (P = 0.006). Girls consumed more daily fruits, vegetables and sweets than boys (P < 0.001).Low SES adolescents consumed fewer daily fruits and vegetables than medium/high SES adolescents. Additionally, the low SES adolescents' vegetable consumption change over time was less favourable (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary behaviour policy recommendations should be adapted for the sex, age and SES of the population.