Heat Energy Impacts on Hybrid (Copper–Titanium/Water) Nanofluid Flow Over a Porous Elongated Sheet
B. Venkateswarlu, P. V. Satya Narayana, Ali J. Chamkha
Abstract
This research delves into the MHD thermally radiative heat transfer of a blend of nanofluid flowing from a stretching surface, applicable to various fields such as biomedical technology, solar power systems, medical therapies, and photoelectric devices. A groundbreaking element of this exploration is the integration of temperature-sensitive viscosity in the momentum equation, along with accounting for heat source and thermal radiation in the energy equation. The basic equations governing the flow are converted into ODEs using suitable similarity parameters and then computationally solved using the R-K-F method along with shooting technique. Significant findings regarding different parameters affecting flow characteristics (i.e., f ′( η ), θ ( η ), Cf, Nu) are depicted qualitatively through graphical representations. The speed and temperature of the hybrid nanofluid (Cu–TiO 2 /H 2 O) are observed to exceed those of the single-component nanofluid (TiO 2 /H 2 O) as heat generation and convection factor values increase. Moreover, the Nusselt number declines as radiation levels rise. The study infers that the heat transfer efficiency of the hybrid nanofluid surpasses that of the single component nanofluid and hence the viscous fluid. Additionally, the outcomes closely correspond with the behavior of a viscous fluid under specific conditions.