The increasing burden of global environmental threats: role of antibiotic pollution from pharmaceutical wastes in the rise of antibiotic resistance
Victor Oluwatomiwa Ajekiigbe, Chinonyelum Emmanuel Agbo, Ikponmwosa Jude Ogieuhi, Chidera Stanley Anthony, Chukwuagoziem Sixtus Onuigbo, Taiwo Ayokunle Falayi, Obatunwase Zion Oluwapelumi, Oluwafemi Daniel Amusa, Godsfavour Olawale Adeniran, Praise Oluwatobi Ogunleke, Ifeoluwa Sandra Bakare
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public concern and can be exacerbated by environmental antibiotic pollution. This paper explores various ways pharmaceutical wastes can contaminate our ecosystem, further driving the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Key sources of antibiotic pollution include pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, healthcare facility effluents, agricultural runoff, and improper disposal of antibiotics. These pollutants enter the environment and cause the formation of resistant genes, which can spread across a region. This paper also discussed key regulatory gaps for ensuring the appropriate use and disposal of pharmaceutical waste to mitigate antibiotic pollution. There is an urgent need for global and local policy interventions to guide the use and disposal of pharmaceutical products. Additionally, public awareness is crucial in educating the public on the dangers and importance of appropriate use and disposal. By adopting a One Health approach, stakeholders across different health sectors, agriculture, and the environment can be united more effectively to combat antibiotic pollution and resistance. This would protect public health, maintain antibiotic efficacy, improve treatment outcomes, and protect the environment. Clinical trial number : Not applicable.