Characterization and Advancement of Microsatellite (SSR) Markers for VariousStresses in Wheat
Muhammad Khalid Bashir, Muhammad Afzal, MS NAWAZ, Ahmad Khan, Shahan Aziz, Fitrat Ullah, Ifrah Amjad, P Achard, H Cheng, L De Grauwe, J Decat, H Schoutteten, T Moritz, . Harberd, N, M Akkaya, A Bhagwat, P Cregan, K Apel, H Hirt, M Ashraf, M Arfan, H Athar, M Ashraf, A Avalbaev, R Yuldashev, R Fatkhutdinova, F Urusov, Y Safutdinova, F Shakirova, T Bennett, Y Liang, M Seale, S Ward, D Mller, O Leyser, A Biswal, A Kohli, T Bittner, S Nadler, E Schulze, C Fischer-Iglesias, J Bloem, P De Ruiter, G Koopman, G Lebbink, L Brussaard, A Blum, L Shpiler, G Golan, J Mayer, P Cregan, A Bhagwat, M Akkaya, J Rongwen, P Czembor, E Arseniuk, A Czaplicki, Q Song, P Cregan, P Ueng, P Czembor, E Arseniuk, A Czaplicki, Q Song, P Cregan, P Ueng, K Devos, G Bryan, A Collins, P Stephenson, M Gale, J Dubcovsky, M Echaide, S Giancola, M Rousset, M Luo, L Joppa, J Dvorak, T Endo, B Gill, L Gao, R Jing, N Huo, Y Li, X Li, R Zhou, . Jia, J, J Gastier, J Pulido, S Sunden, T Brody, K Buetow, J Murray, . Duyk, G, K Gill, B Gill, T Endo
Abstract
Wheat is a basic diet in most countries so it fulfills 20% of global caloric requirements. But the population of the world is increasing day by day and to achieve the requirements of this growing population. We need almost 60% more wheat and to gain this we need high-yielding varieties which can be obtained by developing the trait management and use of modern biotechnological apparatuses like that SSRs marker and genetic engineering. Molecular markers are short segments of DNA that are used to identify the different traits of interest in species of plants. These can be transformed while developing novel varieties of crops. Wheat is the major staple food of many countries, so it is required in large quantities to fulfill the requirement of the large population of the world. Microsatellite markers are repetitive DNA sequence that occurs in many places within the plant genomes. These consist of more mutations than other parts of DNAs. They are also called simple sequence repeats. These markers are used for DNA profiling; they are used for mapping places within the genome, especially for genetic linkage study Microsatellite markers are assisting the plant breeding. By using these markers, we can develop high-yielding varieties which will be resistant to biotic and abiotic stress.