TMS-associated auditory evoked potentials can be effectively masked: Evidence from intracranial EEG
Nicholas T. Trapp, Eric W. K. Tsang, Joel Bruss, Simone Russo, Phillip E. Gander, Joel I. Berger, Kirill V. Nourski, Mario Rosanova, Corey J. Keller, Hiroyuki Oya, Matthew A. Howard, Aaron D. Boes
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method of inducing focal electric currents in brain areas via electromagnetic induction. Studying the neurophysiological effects of TMS in humans using electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is confounded by TMS-induced artifacts, including equipment-related (e.g., amplifier artifacts) and physiologic (e.g., auditory and somatosensory artifacts) [1]. The TMS-EEG approach is also limited by the coarse spatial resolution of EEG, which prevents accurate localization of the cortical sources underlying EEG responses to TMS.