Simple and Effective Prevention of Mode Collapse in Deep One-Class Classification
Penny Chong, Lukas Ruff, Marius Kloft, Alexander Binder
Abstract
Anomaly detection algorithms find extensive use in various fields. This area of research has recently made great advances thanks to deep learning. A recent method, the deep Support Vector Data Description (deep SVDD), which is inspired by the classic kernel-based Support Vector Data Description (SVDD), is capable of simultaneously learning a feature representation of the data and a data-enclosing hypersphere. The method has shown promising results in both unsupervised and semi-supervised settings. However, deep SVDD suffers from hypersphere collapse-also known as mode collapse-, if the architecture of the model does not comply with certain architectural constraints, e.g. the removal of bias terms. These constraints limit the adaptability of the model and in some cases, may affect the model performance due to learning suboptimal features. In this work, we consider two regularizers to prevent hypersphere collapse in deep SVDD. The first regularizer is based on injecting random noise via the standard cross-entropy loss. The second regularizer penalizes the minibatch variance when it becomes too small. Moreover, we introduce an adaptive weighting scheme to control the amount of penalization between the SVDD loss and the respective regularizer. Our proposed regularized variants of deep SVDD show encouraging results and outperform a prominent state-of-the-art method on a setup where the anomalies have no apparent geometrical structure.