Bioengineering a glucose oxidase nanosensor for near-infrared continuous glucose monitoring
Vitālijs Zubkovs, Hanxuan Wang, Nils Schuergers, Astrid Weninger, Anton Glieder, Stefano Cattaneo, Ardemis A. Boghossian
Abstract
thiol bioconjugation of engineered cysteine residues. We compare the conjugation of several glucose oxidase variants containing rationally-engineered cysteines and identify a D70C variant that shows effective bioconjugation. The bioconjugation was characterized through both absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrate an application for continuous glucose monitoring in the NIR-II optical region using the bioconjugated reaction solution, which shows a reversible response to physiological concentrations of glucose. Finally, we develop a miniaturized NIR-II reader to be used for cell cultures that require continuous glucose monitoring.