Antitumor Activities of Co-loading Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin into Oleic Acid-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticle against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Ashwaq A. Al-Mutairi, Mayson H. Alkhatib, Hana M. Gashlan, R Singh, S Peng, P Viswanath, V Sambandam, L Shen, X Rao, B Fang, J Wang, F Johnson, V Maly, O Maly, K Kolostova, V Bobek, J Bossche, C Deben, I De Pauw, H Lambrechts, C Hermans, V Deschoolmeester, J Jacobs, P Specenier, P Pauwels, J Vermorken, M Peeters, F Lardon, A Wouters, T Beck, Y Boumber, C Aggarwal, J Pei, C Thrash-Bingham, P Fittipaldi, R Vlasenkova, C Rao, H Borghaei, M Cristofanilli, R Mehra, I Serebriiskii, R Alpaugh, S Alven, B Aderibigbe, A Nair, J Shah, B Al-Dhubiab, S Patel, M Morsy, V Patel, V Chavda, S Jacob, N Sreeharsha, P Shinu, M Attimarad, K Venugopala, W Liu, Y Mao, X Zhang, Y Wang, J Wu, S Zhao, S Peng, M Zhao, Z Tang, W Feng, Y Yang, Q Wang, Y Wang, X Zhang, W Zhang, H Dong, W Zhang, J Mao, Y Dai, V Conteduca, G Gurioli, L Rossi, E Scarpi, C Lolli, G Schepisi, A Farolfi, D De Lisi, V Gall, S Burgio, C Menna, A Amadori, L Losi, D Amadori, M Costi, U De Giorgi, Y Kadina, E Razuvaeva, D Streltsov, N Sedush, E Shtykova, A Kulebyakina, A Puchkov, D Volkov, A Nazarov
Abstract
Lung cancer is a main global health problem with high incidence and case-fatality rates. The use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as a nanocarrier for chemotherapeutic agents has been suggested as an effective therapeutic approach. The current work objective was to investigate the antineoplastic activity of gemcitabine (GM) and oxaliplatin (OXA) co-loaded into oleic acid-based solid lipid nanoparticle (OA-SLN) in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. OA-SLN was synthesized using homogenization and physically characterized using the dynamic light scattering techniques. The anticancer properties of the combination of GM and OXA encapsulated in OA-SLN were evaluated using a series of cellular assays, such as cell viability using crystal violate, apoptosis using caspase-3 assay kit, and autophagy using human autophagy-related protein LC3-B ELISA kit. The z-average diameter of (GM+OXA) OA-SLN was (63.10 ± 1.53 nm). The (GM+OXA) OA-SLN formulation had significantly reduced cell growth in a dose-dependent manner on the A549 cells within 24 hours. The combination (GM+OXA) OA-SLN had more pronounced effects on autophagy (326.38 ± 4.21 pg/ml) than the untreated control cells (206.2 ± 6.69 pg/ml). Our findings indicate that co-encapsulation of GM and OXA into OA-SLN significantly improved their therapeutic efficacy against A549 cells.