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Rapid Genome Engineering of Pseudomonas Assisted by Fluorescent Markers and Tractable Curing of Plasmids

Daniel C. Volke, Nicolas T. Wirth, Pablo I. Nikel

2021BIO-PROTOCOL28 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

Precise genome engineering has become a commonplace technique for metabolic engineering. Also, insertion, deletion and alteration of genes and other functional DNA sequences are essential for understanding and engineering cells. Several techniques have been developed to this end (e.g., CRISPR/Cas-assisted methods, homologous recombination, or λ Red recombineering), yet most of them rely on the use of auxiliary plasmids, which have to be cured after the editing procedure. Temperature-sensitive replicons, counter-selectable markers or repeated passaging of plasmid-bearing cells have been traditionally employed to circumvent this hurdle. While these protocols work reasonably well in some bacteria, they are not applicable for other species or are time consuming and laborious. Here, we present a fast and versatile protocol of fluorescent marker-assisted genome editing in Pseudomonas putida, followed by clean curing of auxiliary plasmids through user-controlled plasmid replication. One fluorescent marker facilitates identification of genome-edited colonies, while the second reporter enables detection of plasmid-free bacterial clones. Not only is this protocol the fastest available for Pseudomonas species, but it can be easily adapted to any type of genome modifications, including sequence deletions, insertions, and replacements.Graphical abstract:Rapid genome engineering of Pseudomonas with curable plasmids, [摘要]精确的基因组工程已成为代谢工程的一种普遍技术。同样,基因和其他功能性DNA序列的插入,缺失和改变对于理解和改造细胞也是必不可少的。几种技术已经发展到该端部(例如,CRISPR / CAS-辅助方法,同源重组,或 λ 红色重组),但其中大多数依赖于辅助质粒的使用,必须在编辑程序后将其固化。传统上已采用对温度敏感的复制子,反向选择标记或带有质粒的细胞的重复传代来规避这一障碍。尽管这些协议在某些细菌中可以很好地发挥作用,但它们不适用于其他物种,或者既费时又费力。在这里,我们提出了快速和通用的荧光假单胞菌荧光标记辅助基因组编辑协议,然后通过用户控制的质粒复制干净固化辅助质粒。一种荧光标记有助于鉴定基因组编辑的菌落,而第二种报道分子能够检测无质粒的细菌克隆。该协议不仅是用于假单胞菌物种的最快方法,而且可以轻松地适应任何类型的基因组修饰,包括序列删除,插入和替换。 图形概要:带有可治愈质粒的假单胞菌的快速基因组工程[背景]靶向,精确的基因组操纵技术已经大大推进了微生物工程领域。这样的方法不仅允许评估基因型与表型的关系,而且使微生物细胞工厂的复杂工程化成为可能。近年来,CRISPR / Cas9方法为真核生物的精确基因组工程铺平了道路。在细菌中,CRISPR / Cas9的用途主要限于其作为反选择工具的价值,因为细菌缺乏非同源的末端连接来修复由Cas9核酸酶诱导的双链断裂。因此,许多细菌的工程研究都依赖于同源重组(HR)来改变基因组。HR的优点是可以在靶基因组中引入广泛的变化。此外,它不仅适用于所谓的模式生物,例如,大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母,但也发现在非传统的主机,广泛推广应用例如,假单胞菌属的物种。在此协议中,我们为P的基于HR的基因组工程提供了工作流程。putida –与高级工具箱配对,该工具箱包含多个电阻标记 –通过使用荧光标记物,可以监测每个步骤而促进了这种情况(Wirth等,2020)。所提出的方法依赖于自杀质粒[受pir依赖性复制起点ori (R6K )控制]在目标基因座的共整合。共整合位点由自杀质粒上的两个同源臂(HA)确定,使用者可以自由选择这些介导臂来介导HR。解决步骤迫使发生第二次HR事件,从而导致从基因组中去除质粒骨架。该步骤由归巢核酸内切酶I- Sce I的作用触发,作用于自杀质粒主链内同源区域两侧的两个识别序列。从辅助质粒反式提供编码I- Sce I的基因,在自杀质粒共整合后将其引入细胞。我们最近开发的方法通过取决于3-甲基苯甲酸(3- m Bz)的存在的合成,可控制的复制机制(Volke等人,2020)促进该辅助质粒的快速固化。因此,使用者仅通过补充或省略培养基中的诱导剂分子就可以严格地调控质粒的复制。来自辅助载体的荧光标记物的表达进一步辅助了质粒的固化,该辅助标记物与自杀质粒中采用的报告基因相容。为了拓宽此方法的使用范围,我们开发了具有多个抗生素抗性标记物的涉及质粒的不同版本。

Topics & Concepts

PlasmidPseudomonasCuring (chemistry)GenomeFluorescenceBiologyMicrobiologyGeneticsChemistryDNABacteriaGenePolymer chemistryPhysicsQuantum mechanicsBacteriophages and microbial interactionsCRISPR and Genetic EngineeringBacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Rapid Genome Engineering of Pseudomonas Assisted by Fluorescent Markers and Tractable Curing of Plasmids | Litcius